用英语说明我国传统文明--我国龙、长城、我国功夫、汉字、饺子...

原标题：用英语说明我国传统文明--我国龙、长城、我国功夫、汉字、饺子......

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用英语说明我国传统文明---我国龙、长城、我国功夫、汉字、筷子、秧歌、饺子......

Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

我国龙 对龙图腾的崇拜在我国大约已连绵了8千多年。我国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等天然天象集结而成的一种神物。我国龙的构成与中华民族的多元交融进程同步。在我国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、拓荒改变的涵义和联合凝集的精力。

The Great Wallis one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。假定你到了我国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或许就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔相同。我们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实践上，长城开始只是一些时断时续的城墙，直到秦朝共同我国后才将其连城长城。可是，今日咱们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大有些都是在明代建筑的。

Chinese Kung Fu

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

我国功夫即我国功夫，是将技击寓于奋斗和套路运动之中的我国传统体育项目，承载着丰厚的我国民族传统文明。其中心思维是儒家的中和养气之说，一起兼容了道家、释家的思维。我国功夫源源不绝、门户树立、拳种繁复，讲究刚柔并济、表里兼修，包含着前贤们对生命和世界的参悟。后世所称十8般武艺，首要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、8卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

Chinese CharactersChinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inions, official , regular , cursive , running , etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

汉字是从初始人用以记事的简略图像，经过不断演化打开究竟变成一种兼具音、形、意韵的一起文字。现存我国古代最早老到的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又阅历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不一样的期间。汉字规划“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆当地“的观念。汉字有五种根柢笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

Chinese ChopsticksThe Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

筷子我国人运用筷子就餐的方法在世界上独出机杼。有史记载用筷的前史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简略，但却一起具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功用。我国民间视筷子为吉利之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与运用刀叉以及手抓的 方法不一样，成双结对的筷子富含“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是陈旧的东方文明。

YangkoYangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China. It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

秧歌 秧歌舞是我国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，一般在北方省份扮演。秧歌舞者一般穿上亮堂多彩的扮演服装，他们的扮演动作有力灵敏。在阴历新年、元宵节等节日时刻，我们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面气候有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞扮演。这些年，我国东北某些城市的晚年人自觉组织了了秧歌队，队员终年经过跳秧歌舞来坚持安康，火伴他们也乐在其间。

DumplingsDumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

饺子是深受我国公民喜爱的传统食物。相传为古代医圣张仲景创造。饺子的制造是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个进程。其特征是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状一起，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗话。我国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的风俗，涵义吉利。对崇尚亲情的我国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是喜度岁除、辞旧迎新必不可以少的内容。

AcupunctureAcupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

针灸是中医学的重要构成有些。依照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法首要是经过疏通经络、和谐气血，来抵达阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于和谐之意图。其特征是“内病外治”。首要疗法是用针刺入患者身体的必定穴道，或用艾火的温热影响炙烤患者的穴道，以抵达影响经络。医治病痛的意图。针灸以其一起的优势，撒播至今并传抵达了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一同被海外称为我国的“新四大国粹”。

Chinese Seal

A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

印章就是图书印章。我国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不一样的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国年代已广泛运用。印章的制造是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的方法雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除往常使用外，又多用于书画题识，逐骤变成我国特有的艺术方法之一。

Chinese EraThe Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

编年法

天干地支是我国历法顶用以记载和命名年岁的办法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的次序顺次相配，记载不一样年份，60年为一个轮回。干支编年法从古沿用至今。按干支编年法，2011年就是辛卯年。

Chinese Beijing Opera

Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).

京剧被称为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的我国国粹。它来历于我国多种陈旧的当地戏曲，特别是南边的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧构成并变成我国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是归纳性扮演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（扮演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通进程式化的扮演办法，叙说故事，描写人物。人物首要分生（男性）、旦（女人）、净（男性）、丑（男性女人皆有）四大行当。

Chinese TaoismTaoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

道教是我国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋晚期的哲学家、思维家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为首要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚喧嚣无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名六合之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”就是老子的金玉良言。

Chinese IdiomsChinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

我国成语是汉语中意义无缺的标明一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约好俗成。成语是比词大而语法功用又恰当于词的言语单位。绝大大都的我国成语由四个汉字构成，例如：发扬蹈厉、后发先至、厚积薄发。成语首要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语言语中精粹而又赋有生命力的一有些。

Chinese silkChina is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of

Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

我国丝绸我国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是我国古代公民的巨大创造。商周时期丝绸的出产技能就已打开到恰当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把华夏与波斯湾、地中海紧密联络起来，拓荒了中交际流生意的新纪元。从此我国的丝绸以其杰出的质量、精巧的幻术和丰厚的文明内在出名于世，变成我国文明的标志。东方文明的使者。

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