【语斋.翻译】云天收夏色,木叶动秋声,“立秋”英语怎么说后附许渊冲...-南博英语网

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2022年8月7日迎来立秋时节。

立秋是二十四节气中的第十三个节气，秋季的第一个节气；每年8月7、8或9日为立秋，此时太阳抵达黄道135°。“秋”就是指暑去凉来，意味着秋天的初步。到了立秋，梧桐树必定初步落叶。从文字视点来看，"秋"字由禾与火字构成，是禾谷老到的意思。

Liqiu (Start of Autumn) is the 13th solar term and the first one in autumn. It is on 7th, 8th or 9th of August, when the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 135 degrees. Autumn means that heat will fade and the weather begins to cool down. The leaves of Chinese parasols start to fall on Liqiu. Literally, the Chinese character for autumn (秋) is composed of 禾 (grain) and 火 (fire), which means the grains are ripe.

一、气候特征
I. Climatic Features

立秋节气预示着炽热的夏日即将曩昔，秋天就要降临。当立秋到来时，我国许多当地仍然处在炽热的夏日之中。立秋后尽管一时暑气难消，还有“秋山君”的余威，但气候总的趋势是气候逐步凉快。气温的迟早温差逐步显着，一般是白日很热，而夜晚却比照凉快。

Liqiu signifies that the hot summer will soon give place to autumn. At Liqiu, many parts of China are still in blistering summer day. Though heat still prevails afterwards, not to mention the remaining influence of Indian summer, it is generally getting cooler. The temperature difference gets bigger—very hot in the daytime, but relatively cool at night.

古代立秋分为三候：“初侯凉风至”，立秋后，我国许多区域初步刮偏冬风，偏南风逐步削减。小冬风给我们带来了丝丝凉意。“二侯白露降”，因为白日日照仍很激烈，夜晚的凉风刮来构成必定的昼夜温差，空气中的水蒸气清晨室外植物上凝集成了一颗颗晶亮的露珠。“三侯寒蝉鸣”，这时分的蝉，食物足够，温度适合，在和风吹动的树枝上满足地鸣叫着，如同告诉我们炽热的夏天曩昔了。

Ancient Chinese divide Liqiu into three periods: The first period embraces cool wind. After Liqiu, northerly wind blows in many places and brings the cool weather, while southerly wind gradually blows less. The second period sees white dew, which is a result of temperature difference. In the daytime there is much sunlight, yet at night the cool wind brings down the temperature. Early in the morning, the vapor condenses on leaves and becomes dew. The third period hears cicadas’ songs. With enough food and agreeable temperature, cicadas sing proudly on the twigs, probably telling us summer is gone.

当然，因为全国各地气候不一样，秋季真实初步时刻也纷歧致。

Since different places have different climate, their autumn begins at different times.

二、节气风俗
II. Folk Customs

贴秋膘

Eating More to Gain Weight

民间盛行在立秋这天以悬秤称人，将体重与立夏时比照来查验肥瘦，体重减轻叫“苦夏”。因为人到夏天，本就没有啥食欲，饭食清淡简略，两三个月下来，体严峻都要削减一点。那时我们对安康的评判，一般只以胖瘦做标准，瘦了当然需要“补”。等秋风一同，食欲大开时，就要吃点好的，添加一点养分，抵偿夏天的丢掉，补的办法就是“贴秋膘”：在立秋这天林林总总的肉，炖肉烤肉红烧肉等等，“以肉贴膘”。

It’s a folk tradition to weigh on Liqiu and compare with the weight on Lixia (Start of Summer). Usually we are thinner in “bitter summer” because we do not have much appetite and eat simple. After two or three months, most of us lose weight. In the past, weight is often the only criterion for health. If one gets thinner, he certainly needs to eat more. When the autumn wind blows, our will have good appetite. To make up for the weight lost in summer, on Liqiu, we eat a variety of meats to flesh out, like stewed meat, grilled meat and pork stewed in soy sauce .

立秋节

Liqiu Festival

立秋节，也称七月节。时刻在公历每年8月7日或8日初步，从周代撒播至今。民国以来，在广大村庄中，在立秋这天的白日或夜晚，有预卜气候凉热之俗。还有以西瓜、四季豆尝新、奠祖的风俗。

Liqiu Festival is also known as July Festival. Originating from Zhou Dynasty, it starts on 7th or 8th of August. Since the days of the Republic of China, many rural areas have formed the tradition of foretelling temperature in the daytime or at night on the day of Liqiu, and eating watermelons and green beans, or worshiping ancestors.

啃秋

Gnawing Autumn

“啃秋”在有些当地也称为“咬秋”。天津讲究在立秋这天吃西瓜或香瓜，称“咬秋”，涵义炎炎夏天炽热难熬，时逢立秋，将其咬住。江苏等地也在立秋这天吃西瓜以“咬秋”，传闻可以不生秋痱子。在浙江等地，立秋日取西瓜

和烧酒同食，民间认为可以防疟疾。

In some places it is called “biting autumn”. On Liqiu, the people of Tianjin eat watermelons or cantaloupes. This custom is called “biting autumn”, i.e., people bite food to trap the scorching summer heat. In places like Jiangsu, people eat watermelons as a way to “bite autumn”, which they believe can prevent heat rash. In Zhejiang and other places, people eat watermelons and drink shoku to prevent malaria, as they believe.

秋社

Qiushe

秋社原是秋季祭祀土地神的日子，始于汉代，后世将秋社定在立秋后第五个戊日。此时收成已毕，官府与民间皆于此日祭神答谢。宋时秋社有食糕、喝酒、妇女归宁之俗。

Qiushe used to be a day to worship the God of Land. This festival stems from Han Dynasty, and later generations decide to make it on the fifth Taoist Taboo Day after Liqiu, when crops are harvested. On that day, both the government and the public worship the God of Land to express their gratitude

for autumn harvest. In Song Dynasty, people eat cakes and drink wine and married women visit their parents’ home on Qiushe.

吃桃子

Eating peaches

在杭州，我们有在立秋当天吃桃子的风俗。吃完桃子之后，桃核会一向保存到岁除，然后扔进炉子里烧成灰。我们信赖这样可以全年避免瘟疫。

In Hangzhou, people eat peaches on the Start of Autumn day. The peach stones are kept until New Year’s Eve and thrown into the stove, burned into ash. People believed that in this way, plagues could be prevented for the whole year.

吃瓜

Eating gourds

清朝时，我们会在立秋前一天在屋子外面挂一根瓜，然后在立秋当天吃掉，然后祛除夏日的盛暑。如今天津的我们仍然保存有这一风俗，认为吃丝瓜、冬瓜、苦瓜等食物可以避免秋冬春季拉肚子。

During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), people would put gourds outside for a day before the Start of Autumn, and eat them on Start of Autumn day to drive off the summer heat. Today people in Tianjing still keep this custom, believing that eating melons such as towel gourd, white gourd and bitter gourd can prevent diarrhea in autumn and the coming winter and spring.

三、立秋摄生
III. Health Tips

立秋尽管标志着秋季的初步，但立秋后的一段时刻内气温一般仍是较高，空气的湿度也还很大，我们会有火热湿润的感触。再加上我们在夏日常常因为苦夏或过食冷饮，多有脾胃功用削弱的表象，此时假定许多进食补品，特别是过于滋腻的养阴之品，会进一步加剧脾胃担负，使长时刻处于“虚弱”的胃肠不能一会儿承受，致使消化功用失调。因而，初秋进补宜清补而不宜过于滋腻。

Though Liqiu marks the beginning of autumn, it is still hot and humid afterwards. People feel stuffy and sultry. In summer, we may suffer from “bitter summer” or have excess ice cream, which may harm the spleen and stomach. If we eat too much nutritious food, especially tonics , the “weak” spleen and stomach will have to take more load than they can bear. This may lead to digestive disorder. Therefore, to get more nutrition for early autumn, it is better to have a light diet instead of eating too much rich food .

此时不妨恰当多喝点绿豆粥、荷叶粥、红小豆粥、红枣莲子粥、山药粥等食物。关于一些脾胃虚弱、消化不良的兄弟而言，此时必定要与滋腻的养阴之品如鹿角胶、阿胶等“划清鸿沟”，否则，非常简略加剧食欲不振、消化不良等表现，脾胃虚弱者若恰当多喝点具有健脾利湿作用的薏米粥、扁豆粥则对身体大有裨益。

Porridge made of mung bean, lotus leaf, red bean, red date, lotus seed and Chinese yam are recommended. Those with weak spleen and stomach or digestive disorder must stay away from rich food like deer antler glue and donkey-hide gelatin, which may aggravate the loss of appetite and digestive disorder. Porridge made of Job’s tears and lentils are good for spleen and help to remove excess moisture from the body.

为迎候冬天的到来，人体内还会储存御寒的脂肪。因而，热量的罗致大于宣告，稍不留神，体重就会添加，所以肥胖者更应留心瘦身，应多吃一些低热量的瘦身食物，如红豆、萝卜、竹笋、薏米、海带、蘑菇等。此外，关于一般人，立秋后在饮食上要增酸，以添加肝脏的功用，要多吃些苹果、葡萄、山楂、柚子等偏酸、多汁的生果，对高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等疾病都有作用。

Our body needs to store fat to keep off the cold in winter. Therefore, we take more calories than we consume. Since a slight indulgence may result in weight increase, the overweight should pay attention to lose weight by taking low-calorie food, such as red bean, turnip, bamboo shoots, Job’s tears, kelp, mushroom, etc. Ordinary people need to eat more sour and juicy food like apple, grape, hawthorn and pomelo, which are good for liver and help to treat hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes.

四、有关诗词

《立秋》

刘翰

乳鸦啼散玉屏空，
一枕新凉一枕风。
睡起秋声无觅处，
满阶梧叶月明中。

The Autumn Day

Liu Han

Nursling crows cry and disperse from the screen of jade;
My fan brings a fresh breeze and my pillow feels cool.
Awake, I cannot find where the autumn songs fade;
Steps covered with plane leaves, moonlight melts in the pool.

（许渊冲、许明译）

《山居秋暝》

王维

空山新雨后，
气候晚来秋。
明月松间照，
清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女，
莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇，
王孙自可留。

The Hills Wearing Autumn Hue

By Wang Wei
Tr. Zhao Yanchun

After the rain all hills are new
The sky is tinged with autumn hue
The moon bright to the pine trees glows
The stream clear on the pebbles flows
The washing girls stir the bamboo
The lotus blooms sway the canoe
Spring can take a rest as it may
Prince and princess may as well stay

《秋词》

刘禹锡

自古逢秋悲寂寥，
我言秋日胜春朝。
晴空一鹤排云上，
便引诗情到碧霄。

Song of Autumn

Since olden days we feel in autumn sad and drear,
But I say spring cannot compete with autumn clear.
On a fine day a cranecleaves the clouds and soars high;
It leads the poet’s lofty mind to azure sky.

许渊冲译

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