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Hi, I'm Kae.
嗨，我是雅佳。
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
欢迎来到牛津大学在线英语课程！
In this lesson, you can learn about sentence stress in English.
在本节课里，大家会学到英语的句子重读。
Stress is very important for your English pronunciation.
重读对英语发音而言是很重要的。
There are many different types of stress in English, and stress is used in many different ways.
英语中有很多不同类型的重读，重读的使用方法也有很多。
But wait a minute, what is stress?
但是稍等一下，重读是什么呢？
Stress means that you pronounce some syllables more strongly than others.
重读的意思是，在念一些音节时比其他的要念得更重。
'More strongly' means you pronounce these syllables more loudly, more clearly, and more slowly.
“念得更重”指的也就是你要更大声、更清晰、更慢地念这些音节。
Pronouncing sentence stress correctly will make a big difference to your English pronunciation.
正确地念出来句子的重读会让你的英语发音有很大的不同。
You'll immediately sound clearer and more natural when you speak English.
你的英语立马就会听起来更清晰、更自然。
Let's start by looking at sentence stress in more detail.
我们先来看一下句子重读的更多细节吧。
Look at a sentence: How about we go for a coffee this afternoon?
让我们看一个句子：我们今天下午去喝杯咖啡好不好呢？
In this sentence, there are two kinds of words; let's call them content words and grammar words.
在这个句子里有两种单词；我们称它们为实词和虚词。
Content words give you the meaning of the sentence.
实词告诉大家的是句子的意思。
The content words here are go, coffee, this and afternoon.
这个句子里的实词是 go、coffee、this 和 afternoon。
If you don't hear these words, you won't understand the sentence.
如果你没有听到这些单词的话，就无法理解句子。
Grammar words don't carry meaning.
虚词是不携带意思的。
They're grammatically necessary; they connect the content words together.
它们的存在是语法的需要，为的是把实词连在一起。
Think about it this way: if someone comes up to you and says, "Go coffee this afternoon?" You can understand what they mean, even if it sounds a bit weird.
大家可以这么思考：如果某人走过来和你说：“下午要去喝一杯咖啡吗？”你可以理解他们是什么意思，虽然听起来有点奇怪。
So, why are we talking about this?
所以为什么我们要谈论这个呢？
Aren't we supposed to be talking about sentence stress?
我们不是应该要讨论句子的重读吗？
The difference between content words and grammar words is the foundation of sentence stress.
实词与虚词之间的区别是句子重读的基础。
Content words are usually stressed, and grammar words are usually unstressed.
实词通常是需要重读的，而虚词通常是不重读的。
Listen and try to hear the stress: how about we GO for a COFFEE THIS AFTERNOON?
仔细听，试着听重读：我们下午去喝杯咖啡怎么样？
Listen again: how about we GO for a COFFEE THIS AFTERNOON?
再听一遍：我们下午去喝杯咖啡怎么样？
Can you read the sentence with the stress?
你可以带着重读来读出句子吗？
Repeat after me: how about we GO for a COFFEE THIS AFTERNOON?
跟着我重复一遍：我们下午去喝杯咖啡怎么样？
Do it one more time: how about we GO for a COFFEE THIS AFTERNOON?
再来一次：我们下午去喝杯咖啡怎么样？
Let's look at one more example sentence: My phone's broken, so I'm going to buy a new one.
我们来再看一个例句。我的手机坏了，所以我打算买一个新的。
Which words do you think are content words, and which words are grammar words?
你觉得哪一个单词是实词，哪一个是虚词呢？
Before you answer, you should know one important point.
在回答之前，你应该知道一个重点。
Sentence stress is flexible, and the line between content words and grammar words isn't fixed, so the answers we show you are just the most probable ones; there are other possibilities.
句子的重读是很灵活的，实词和虚词之间的线也不是固定的，所以，我们告诉大家的回答只是最有可能的一个，还是有其他的可能性的。
So, think about your sentence, and which words you think are content words or grammar words.
所以思考一下你的句子，你认为哪一个单词是实词，哪个是虚词呢。
Pause the video if you want more thinking time!
如果你想要更多的思考时间的话，那就暂停视频吧！
Ready?
准备好了吗？
Here's our suggestion.
这里是我们的建议。
Again, think about it like this: if you hear the content words, you can understand the meaning of the sentence: "phone broken, going buy new one." If you hear only the grammar words, it doesn't make any sense at all: "my so I'm to a." By the way, this idea can also really help your English listening.
同样地，大家可以这样思考：如果你听到了实词，那就可以理解句子的意思：手机坏了，买新的。如果只是听到句子的虚词，那根本没有任何意义：“我所以我去一个。”顺便说一下，这个概念也可以帮助到你的英语听力。
You can see that you don't need to hear every word to understand the meaning of a sentence.
你可以看到，其实不需要听出每一个单词才能理解一个句子的意思。
If you focus on listening to the stressed words, you can understand someone's meaning, even if you don't hear the unstressed grammar words.
如果你认真听重读的单词的话，即便没有听出不重读的虚词，也能理解某人的意思。
Anyway, let's practice this sentence.
好吧，让我们来练习一下这个句子。
Can you say the sentence with the stress?
你可以用重读来念句子吗？
Repeat after me: my PHONE'S BROKEN, so i'm GOING to BUY a NEW ONE.
跟着我重复一遍：我的手机坏了，所以我打算买一个新的。
Try once more: my PHONE'S BROKEN, so i'm GOING to BUY a NEW ONE.
再来一遍：我的手机坏了，所以我打算买一个新的。
Okay, now you know the basics about sentence stress.
好的，现在你知道关于句子重读的基本知识了。
Let's see what you can do!
我们看看你可以做什么吧。
Look at three sentences: Could you get some bread from the bakery on your way here?
来看三个句子：你能在来的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
I heard that the weather's going to be bad tomorrow.
我听说明天的天气会很差。
He has no idea what he wants to do after he graduates.
他不知道自己毕业后想做什么。
So, first of all, pause the video, and find the stressed words in these three sentences.
首先，暂停视频，找出这三个句子里的重读单词。
Take as much time as you need, and start again when you're ready.
慢慢来，准备好了再开始。
Okay?
好了吗？
Let's look at our suggested answers.
我们来看看我们建议的答案。
Remember that other answers are possible: Next, let's try reading the sentences together.
其他的答案也是有可能的哦：接下来，我们试着一起来念一下句子。
Repeat after me, and pay attention to the stress: could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
跟着我重复一遍，注意重读：你能在来的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
Try it once more: could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
再来一次：你能在来的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
Let's do the next one: i HEARD that the WEATHER'S going to be BAD TOMORROW.
下一句：我听说明天的天气会很差。
One more time: i HEARD that the WEATHER'S going to be BAD TOMORROW.
再来一次：我听说明天的天气会很差。
Let's try the third sentence: he has NO IDEA WHAT he WANTS to DO AFTER he GRADUATES.
我们来试一下第三个句子：他不知道自己毕业后想做什么。
Again: he has NO IDEA WHAT he WANTS to DO AFTER he GRADUATES.
再一次：他不知道自己毕业后想做什么。
How was that?
怎么样？
Easy?
简单吗？
Difficult?
还是觉得很难？
Remember that you can go back and review this section as many times as you need to.
你可以随时按需要回头复习这个部分哦。
You can also adjust the video speed to make it easier or more difficult.
你也可以调整视频的速度来调整难度。
For example, if you find it difficult, watch this section again at point seven five or point five speed.
例如，如果你觉得很难的话，可以用0.75或0.7倍速来看这个部分。
Practice at a lower speed until you can pronounce the stress easily.
用低速来进行练习，直到你可以轻松地把重音读出来。
Then, try again at full speed!
然后再试一下全速念。
Now, to pronounce sentence stress well, you also need to pay attention to the unstressed words in a sentence.
要念好句子重读，你也需要注意句子里不重读的单词。
Why is this?
这是为什么呢？
Here's a very important point about sentence stress, or any stress.
这里是与句子重读或不重读有关的一个非常重要的重点。
Stress is about contrast.
重读是对比性的。
You heard before that stress means pronouncing some syllables more loudly, more clearly, and more slowly than others.
你之前听到，重读意味着与其他的相比，要更大声、更清晰、更慢地念出一些音节。
That means that stress is relative.
那就意味着重读是相对的。
To pronounce stress clearly, you need a clear contrast between your stressed and unstressed syllables.
要清晰地念重读，你就需要在重读音节和不重读音节之间有一个清晰的对比。
So, when you're practicing sentence stress, you should pay equal attention to the unstressed words.
所以，当你在练习句子重读时，你也应该同样地留意不重读的单词。
Let's look at an example, using a sentence you saw before: Could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
我们来看一个例子，使用的是你之前看到的一个句子：你能在来这里的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
You need to pronounce the stressed words more strongly, and you need to pronounce the unstressed words at a lower volume and a higher speed.
你需要更重地念重读的单词，用低一点的音量和更快的速度来念不重读的单词。
Often, unstressed words have a weak pronunciation.
一般不重读的单词发音都是比较弱的。
Knowing how to pronounce weak forms is also important if you want to pronounce sentence stress clearly.
如果你想清晰地念出句子的重读的话，那知道怎么弱读也是重要的。
Let's try something.
让我们再练习一下。
Read the sentence.
读句子。
Make the stressed words as clear as possible.
尽可能让重读的单词更清晰。
Exaggerate the stress a little bit.
重读的单词可以夸张一点。
Pronounce the unstressed words as fast as you can.
尽可能快地念不重读的单词。
Try to get a really clear contrast between the stressed and unstressed words.
试着读出重读和不重读单词之间清晰的对比。
Listen first: could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
先听：你能在来这里的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
Now you try: could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
现在自己试一下：你能在来这里的路上从面包店买些面包吗？
Let's do one more example, with a new sentence.
让我们用新句子再练习一下。
Look at the sentence: I HAVEN'T HEARD ANYTHING from them SINCE their WEDDING.
看句子：自从他们的婚礼之后，我就再也没有听到过他们的任何消息。
Try reading the sentence.
试着读一下句子。
Again, focus on the contrast between stressed and unstressed syllalbles: i HAVEN'T HEARD ANYTHING from them SINCE their WEDDING.
同样地，要注意重读和不重读音节之间的对比：自从他们的婚礼之后，我就再也没有听到过他们的任何消息。
It's worth spending some time practicing this contrast: if you can pronounce the contrast between stressed and unstressed sounds clearly, your English will sound much better and more natural.
花些时间来练习这个对比是非常值得的：如果你可以清晰地念出重读音和不重读音之间的对比，你的英语会听起来更好，也更自然。
We were exaggerating the contrast slightly, so that you could hear it clearly.
我们稍微夸大了对比度，这样大家就能更清楚地听出来。
It's fine to do this while you're practicing!
练习的时候这样做是没问题的！
You can go back and review this section, or review the previous section and focus on contrast in your pronunciation.
你可以回头复习这个部分，也可以回头复习之前的部分，关注发音的对比。
What's next?
接下来呢？
Well, you heard before that sentence stress is flexible.
好的，我们之前听到句子重读是灵活的。
Let's talk more about that!
那现在就聊聊吧！
Hello, what can I get you?
您好，请问您需要什么？
One chocolate and raspberry muffin and a small americano with milk, please.
请给我一份巧克力和覆盆子松饼和小杯美式咖啡加牛奶。
Sorry, you said a CHOCOLATE and raspberry muffin?
对不起，您说的是巧克力和覆盆子松糕吗？
That's right!
是的！
Here you are!
给您！
I said a chocolate RASPBERRY muffin.
我说的是巧克力覆盆子松饼。
Oh, I am sorry!
对不起！
I thought you said chocolate and STRAWBERRY.
我以为你说的是巧克力草莓松饼。
Also, is there milk in this coffee?
还有，咖啡了加奶了吗？
Did you want MILK?
您要加牛奶吗？
I thought you said an americano with SUGAR!
我以为你说的是美式咖啡加糖。
No, with MILK!
不，是加奶！
I'll make you a new one.
我再为您重新做一杯。
One cappuccino with milk coming up.
卡布奇诺加牛奶。
No, not CAPPUCINO!
不，不是卡布奇诺！
AMERICANO!
是美式咖啡！
Right, right, just a minute.
好的好的，稍等片刻。
Sentence stress is flexible.
句子重读是很灵活的。
It doesn't follow strict rules; instead, it depends on the meaning you want to express.
它没有什么严格的规则，取决于你想要表达的意思。
Sometimes, one idea in your sentence is more important than others.
有时你的句子里的某个部分比其他的更重要。
You'll add extra stress to this idea.
你会增加给它增加额外的重读。
Why does this happen?
为什么要这样呢？
One reason is to contradict or correct someone.
一个原因是要反驳某人或纠正某人。
For example: Buenos Aires is the capital of China.
例如：布宜诺斯艾利斯是中国的首都。
No, Mikey.
不，米奇。
Buenos Aires is the capital of ARGENTINA.
布宜诺斯艾利斯是阿根廷的首都。
BEIJING is the capital of China.
北京才是中国的首都。
Two plus two is five.
二加二等于五。
No, Mikey.
不，米奇。
Two plus two is FOUR.
二加二等于四。
Carrots are green.
胡萝卜是绿色的。
No, Mikey.
不，米奇。
Carrots are ORANGE.
胡萝卜是橙色的。
Another reason to add extra stress is that you want to contrast two ideas.
另一个加额外重读的原因是你想对比两个想法。
For example: i didn't want CAPPUCINO; i wanted an AMERICANO.
例如：我不想要卡布奇诺，我想要美式咖啡。
She doesn't live in PARIS; she lives in ROME.
她不是住在巴黎，她住在罗马。
The flight left at TEN? but i thought it left at TWELVE!
飞机时点起飞吗？我以为是是十二点呢！
Finally, you might add extra stress just to emphasise one idea in your sentence, like this: ARE you going to london tomorrow?
最后，添加额外重读可能只是要强度句子里的某个想法，比如说这个：你明天要去伦敦吗？
Meaning: I'm emphasising the question, because I want a yes or no answer from you.
意思是：我在强调问题，因为我想从你那里得到一个是或者否的答案。
Are YOU going to london tomorrow?
你明天要去伦敦吗？
Meaning: I know some other people are going to London, but I want to know if you are going.
意思是：我知道其他人会去伦敦，但是，我想知道你是否会去。
This stress pattern is often used to show surprise.
这个重读结构通常用于表达惊讶。
Are you going to london TOMORROW?
你明天要去伦敦吗？
Meaning: I know you're going to London on another day, but I want to know specifically about tomorrow.
意思是：我知道你某天会要去伦敦，但是我想知道是不是明天。
Again, this suggests that I'm surprised.
同样地，这表明我很惊讶。
In all of these cases, you add extra stress to one word in the sentence.
在这些例子中，你都给句子中的一个单词添加了重读。
This doesn't replace 'regular' sentence stress.
这并不会取代“规则的”句子重读。
Instead, it's like an extra layer on top of it.
相反的是，它是在此基础上再加一层。
In the question 'Are you going to London tomorrow', the content words going, London and tomorrow are stressed.
在“你明天要去伦敦吗？”这个问题里，实词 going、London 和 tomorrow 是重读的。
If you want to add stress to emphasise one idea, then you add this on top of the existing stress.
如果你想添加重读来强调某个想法的话，那么可以在现有重读上进行添加。
For example: are YOU going to london tomorrow?
例如：你明天要去伦敦吗？
In this case, you add 'regular' sentence stress to going, London and tomorrow, and 'extra' sentence stress to you.
在这个例子中，going、London 和 tomorrow 是“规则的”句子重读， you 是“额外的”句子重读。
The 'extra' stress should be stronger than the 'regular' stress.
“额外的”重读应当比“规则的”重读要更强。
Try it!
试一下！
Repeat after me: are YOU going to london tomorrow?
跟着我重复一遍：你明天要去伦敦吗？
Try one more time: are YOU going to london tomorrow?
再试一次：你明天要去伦敦吗？
Note that this 'extra' stress can be anywhere, including on grammar words.
注意这个“额外的”重读可以在任何地方，包括在虚词。
So now, you know the most important points about sentence stress 
in English.
所以现在大家已经知道英语句子重读最重要的重点了。
Here's a question: what do you think you need to focus on most in your English pronunciation?
有一个问题：你觉得自己的英语发音最需要关注的是什么？
What would make the biggest difference for you?
对你来说，什么才是最重要的？
Let us know in the comments.
在评论栏里告诉我们吧。
If you give us a good idea, we might make a video about your suggestion!
如果大家的主意不错的话，我们也许会制作一个与你的建议有关的视频。
Did you know that we offer online English classes which can help you to improve your English pronunciation?
你知道我们可以提供能帮助你提高英语发音的线上英语课程吗？
Check out our website for details: Oxford Online English dot com.
欲知更多细节，请查看我们的网站：Oxford Online English dot com。
Thanks for watching!
感谢观看！
See you next time!
下次见！
游客
