大学英语期中必考的7个语法常识点,吃透拿满分!
介词by的用法1、 意为“在……旁”,“接近”。some are singing and dancing under a big tree. some are drawing by the lake.有的在大树下歌唱跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。2、意为“不迟于”,“到……时中止”。your son will be all right by supper time.你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。how many english songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上个学期末你们现已学了多少首英语歌曲?3、标明办法、办法,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭仗”、“经过”、“乘坐”等。the m was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.山公用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。the boy’s father was so thankful that he taught edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感谢,所以他教爱迪生怎样经过铁路电报来传达信息。4、标明“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。one by one they went past the table in the dark.他们一个一个得在黑私自经过这张桌子。5、标明“根据”,“依照”的意思。what time is it by your watch?你的表几点了?6、和take , hold等动词连用,阐明触摸身体的某一有些。i took him by the hand.我拉住了他的手。7、用于被逼句中,标明行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。english is spoken by many people.英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)02
动名词doing动名词恰当于名词,在语句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。1、作主语fighting broke out between the south and the north。南边与北方开战了。2、作宾语would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3、作表语babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的作业是洗衣裳,作饭和照看孩子。4、做定语a washing machine 一台洗衣机
大学英语最常考悉数英语动词+doing和+to do
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used to 的用法used to 意为曩昔常常做某事。1、必定句:used这个词没有人称的改变,to后边接动词原形。否定句是didn’t use to…。when i was a child, i didn’t use to like apples。当我仍是孩子的时分我不喜爱苹果。疑问方法是did you use to…?where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?2、富含used to 的语句的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。——he used to smoke, didn’t he?——他曩昔常常吸烟,是吗?yes, he did。/ no, he didn’t。是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。04
被逼语态被逼语态由助动词be加及物动词的曩昔分词构成,助动词be有时态,人称和数的改变。被逼语态的时态是由be的时态抉择的,be是啥时态,全句就是啥时态,be动词后边的曩昔
分词不变。1、各种时态的被逼语态规划如下:一般如今时的被逼语态:主语+am / is / are (not)+曩昔分词一般曩昔时的被逼语态:主语+was / were +曩昔分词如今结束时的被逼语态:主语+have / has +been +曩昔分词一般将来时的被逼语态:主语+will +be +曩昔分词曩昔将来时的被逼语态:主语+would / should + be +曩昔分词曩昔进行时的被逼语态:主语+was / were + being +曩昔分词曩昔结束时的被逼语态:主语+had + been +曩昔分词神态动词的被逼语态:神态动词+be+曩昔分词2、被逼语态的用法(1)不晓得或没有必要阐明动作的实施者是谁,不必by+动作实施者短语。football is played widely all over the world。全世界都广泛地踢足球。(2)偏重动作的承受者。the bank was robbed yesterday
afternoon。昨日下午这家银行遭到掠取。(3)作客观阐明时,常选用一种被逼语态句型。it is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the usa。据报导美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。3、主动语态的语句变为被逼语态的进程(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被逼方法,即be+曩昔分词(3)正本的主语,假定需要的话,放在by后边;假定没必要,可省掉。大学英语难点“被逼”语态用法全攻略05
虚拟口气假定咱们所说的不是实际,而只是一种假定、期望、主张或是一种完成不了的幻想就用虚拟口气。留心:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只需在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟口气;而在真实条件句中,要用陈述口气。请比照:(1)if it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo。假定明每气候好,咱们将会去公园。在这句话中,明每气候好是完全有可以完成的,并非虚拟、愿望,因而是真实条件句,在本句中,适用“主将从现。”(2)if i were you , i would go at once。假定我是你的话,我马上就走。在这句话中,条件句“假定我是你”,但实际上,我不可以能变成你,这只是假定的情况,没有完成的可以。当条件完成的可以性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟口气来标明。虚拟口气标明和如今的实际相反,从句用一般过期,主句用?“should/would/could/ might +动词原形。例如 :if i had time, i would go for a walk。if i were invited, i would go to the dinner party。if i won a million dollars in the lottery, i would put it in the bank。if i were you , i’d wear a shirt and tie。留心:在虚拟口气的语句中,be动词只能用were,不能用was。06
must/might/could/cant1、must(1)must 标明片面观点,意为“有必要”。如:you must stay here until i come back。must i hand in my homework right now?对must引导的疑问句,必定答复为must,否定答复为needn’t 或don’t have to 。如:—must i finish my homework?—no, you needn’t。(2)must也可以标明有掌控的估测,意为“ 必定,必定”,用于必定句。如:the light is on, so he must be at home now。其否定方法mustn’t标明“阻止,不许”。如:you mustn’t play with fire。you mustn’t be late。2、could(1)can的曩昔式,意为“能、会”,标明曩昔的才能。如:he could write poems when he was 10。(2)could在疑问句中,标明宛转恳求的口气,此时could没有曩昔式的意思。如:could you do me a favour?—could i use your pen?—yes, you can。(留心答复)3、mightmight为may的曩昔式。might标明估测时,标明可以性低于may(此时might没有曩昔式的意思),当恳求讲时,比may的口气更宛转。he is away from school。he might be sick。might i use your dictionary?4、can(1)标明才能,一般译为“能、会”,特别指生来具有的才能。如:she can swim fast, but i can’t 。(2)标明答应,常在口语中。如:you can use my dictionary。(3)标明估测,意为“可以”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可以能”。如:—can the news be true?—no, it can’t be our teacher。he is on a visit to the great wall。非常有用的神态动词用法收拾07
定语从句1、定语从句的概念在复合句中,润饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被润饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫联络词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后边。2、定语从句的联络词引导定语从句的联络词有联络代词和联络副词,常见的联络代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,一切格whose)等,联络副词包括where, when, why等。联络代词和联络副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起联接作用,一起又作定语从句的重要成分。3、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的联络,定语从句可分为捆绑性定语从句及非捆绑性定语从句。捆绑性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不必逗号分隔,从句不可以省去。非捆绑性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分隔,起弥补阐明作用,如省去,意思仍无缺。4、联络代词的用法(1)that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可以省掉,作宾语可省掉。例如:mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。玛丽喜爱轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)the coat (that) i put on the desk is blue。我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)(2)which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可以省掉,作宾语可省掉。例如:the building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。位于火车站邻近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)the film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。咱们昨日晚上看的那部影片极美观。(作宾语)(3)who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who替代whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省掉。例如:the girl who often helps me with my english is from england。常常在英语方面协助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)who is the teacher (whom) li ming is talking to?正在与李明说话的教师是谁?(作宾语)5、联络副词的用法(1)when指时刻,其先行词标明时刻,when在定语从句中作时刻状语。例如:this was the time when he arrived。这是他抵达的时刻。(2)where指地址,其先行词标明地址,where在定语从句中作地址状语。例如:this is place where he works。这是他作业的地址。(3)why 指缘由,其先行词是缘由,why在定语从句中做缘由状语。例如:nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school。没人晓得他为啥上学总迟到。