直接引语和间接引语到底怎么用？

Hi guys, today we are going to learn everything there is to know about direct and indirect speech.大家好，今天我们将学习所有关于直接和间接言语的知识。

My aim for this article is to provide you with a great understanding of the two speech acts, when you should use them, what they look like and how they differ from one another.这篇文章的目的是让你对这两种言语行为有一个很好的理解，当你应该使用它们的时候，它们是什么样子的，它们之间有什么不同。

I will provide you with an indirect speech formula, highlight all the rules and differences between direct and indirect speech, such as the change in tense, pronoun and overall sentence structure.我将为您提供一个间接引语公式，突出直接引语和间接引语之间的所有规则和区别，如时态、代词和整体句子结构的变化。

I will also show you how to make interrogative and imperative sentences in the indirect speech. I promise to make this as clear and simple as possible. Let’s get started.我还将教你如何在间接引语中使用疑问句和祈使句。我保证尽可能清楚和简单。我们开始吧。

1. Speech Acts1.言语行为

So, as some of you may know, direct speech and indirect speech, are speech acts. They are used to pass on information or something spoken by one person, to another person.Pretend you are in a restaurant with your friend Kim, you are having lunch together. Before you order, she tells you “I am so hungry” and she orders a huge meal.The next day you are at home with your family, you want to tell them about your time spent with Kim yesterday.所以，你们可能知道，直接言语和间接言语都是言语行为。它们被用来把一个人的信息或说话的东西传递给另一个人。假装你和你的朋友金在餐馆里，你正在一起吃午饭。在你点菜之前，她会告诉你“我太饿了”，然后她会点一顿大餐。第二天你和家人在家，你想告诉他们你昨天和金姆在一起的时间。

You have two options, you can say:你有两个选择，你可以说：

Kim said, “I am so hungry” (direct speech)金姆说：“我太饿了”（直言）

Kim said that she was so hungry. (indirect speech)金姆说她太饿了。（间接言语）

Above are examples of how we can use direct speech or indirect speech to transmit what one person said, to another person. Let’s take a step back, at the beginning of this article I said that direct and indirect speech are speech acts. So, what is a speech act? We use language to achieve specific communicative acts, such as asking for a menu at a restaurant or complaining about the food in a restaurant. We also can use speech acts to greet, threaten or invite somebody and to promise or refuse something to somebody and so on.以上是我们如何使用直接或间接言语将一个人所说的传达给另一个人的例子。让我们退一步，在本文的开头，我说过直接和间接言语都是言语行为。那么，什么是言语行为？我们使用语言来实现特定的交际行为，比如在餐厅要求菜单或抱怨餐厅的食物。我们也可以用言语行为来问候、威胁或邀请某人，向某人许诺或拒绝某事等等。