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Hi.
你好。
Welcome back to www. engvid. com.
欢迎回到engVid。
I'm Adam, and in today's video I'm going to help you sound a little bit more like a native English speaker and also to be able to understand native English speakers when they speak.
我是亚当，在今天的视频中，我会帮助你听起来更像英语母语人士，并且能够理解英语母语人士。
What I'm talking about more specifically is how to pronounce the preposition " of" .
我要讲的更具体的是，如何发介词"of"的音。
Now, I said: " off" , although we almost never say " off" .
现在，我发音是："off"，虽然我们几乎从不说"off"。
The " f" hardly ever sounds like " f" .
"f"听起来基本不是"f"。
It sounds like a " v" when it's pronounced, but even more often we just drop it altogether and just have an " a" sound or even just like a small apostrophe sound, like almost no sound at all between the " of" and the word that comes after it.
发音的时候，它（of的f字母）听起来像音标"v"，但更常见情况是，我们会丢掉"v"这个音，只是留一个"a"的发音，甚至就像一个略读。"of"和它后面的词之间就好像几乎没有任何别的音一样。
So most of the time it sounds like: " a" or " ov" with a " v" sound, not an " f" sound.
所以大部分时间of听起来像："a//"或"ov/v/"带有"v"音，而不是"f/f/"音。
Now, they're very similar in the mouth where the lips and the tongue are, but we'll practice that.
好的，他们在口腔中的唇舌位置非常相似，但我们会练习一下。
So, what really depends on how to use it is what follows the " f" , what the next word starts with.
所以，真正取决于如何使用它的是"f"后面的内容，也就是下一个单词的开头。
If it's followed by a hard consonant, like a " t" , or a " p" , or a " d" , or a " k" or whatever, then we generally don't drop too much, but we leave the " of" or we have the " a" .
如果后面跟着一个很强的辅音，比如"/t/"，"/p/"，或者"/d/"，或者"/k/"或者其他什么，那么我们通常不会略很多/v/的音，我们会要么发"/v/"或者发"//"音。
So: " A lot of people" we say in native speed: " a lot 'people" , " a lot 'people" .
因此：我们以本地速度说"很多人"："很多"人"，"很多"人。
So you can either hear the " a" sound: " a lot a" or " a lot 'people" , like you drop into the " p" , " 'people" , " a lot 'people" .
所以你可以听到"a//"音："a lot //"或"a lot 'people（把of略掉了很大一部分）"。就像你的发音掉进了"/p/"这个音里，"'people"，"a lot'people"(几乎听不出of）。
Sometimes we can also just add the " v" , so you can pronounce the " a" very hard. . .
有时候我们也可以加上"/v/"，所以读"a//"音的时候要比较响亮了……
Or, sorry, with " time" , " a lotatime" , " a lot 'time" could be, again, the apostrophe, almost no sound or the " a" sound, 'or we could just use the " of" : " a lot ov time" , " a lot of time" .
或者，对不起，用"Time（时间）举例"，"a lota//time"，"a lot 'time"，可以，也是略音，几乎没有声音或"a//"音，或者我们可以使用"of/v/"音："a lot ov/v/ time"，"a lot of time"。
Notice, also, that the last consonant goes into the vowel.
再注意下，最后一个辅音/v/和前面的元音融合。
" A lotatime" , " a lotatime" , " tatime" .
" A lot ov" , " a lot ov time" , " a lotovtime" .
So this is with the hard consonants.
所以这是of接强辅音的情况。
Now, when it's followed by a " th" , so when we. . .
现在，当它接"th"时，所以当我们……
For example, when we have " them" , most native speakers will just drop the " th" altogether and just say " em" . Okay?
比如，当of后面接"them（他们）"时，大多数母语人士将完全放弃"th"的发音，只发"em"部分的音（/m/）。好吗？
So: " so ma them" , " so ma 'em" .
所以："some of them"是"/s m m/"，"so ma 'em/m/"。
So: " so ma them" , " so ma vem" because the. . .
所以是："/s m m/"，"/s m vm/"，因为……
We drop the " th" and we take the " v" of the " of" . " Some of them" , " so ma vem" , " so ma vem" , " so ma vem" , " some of them" .
我们丢掉"th//"音，然后保留"of"的"/v/"音。
If you want to keep the " th" , drop the " v" . If you want to use the " v" , drop the " th" .
如果你想保留"th//"音，就不发"/v/"音。如果您想使用"/v/"音，不要发"th//"。
But generally we don't have them together.
我们通常不把它们放在一起。
" So ma them" , " so ma vem" .
要么是"/s m m/"，要么是，"/s m vm/"。
But when you have a word like " these" , in " these" we don't generally drop the " th" .
但是当遇到一个像"these（这些）"这样的词时，在"these"中，我们通常不会不发"th//"音。
This is common with " them" , not common with other words.
这在"them（他们）"中很常见，与其他词不常见。
So, " so ma these" or " so mov these" .
所以，some of these发"/s m i:z/"或"/s mv i:z/"。
You have the " v" or you have the " a" , but you keep the " th" in " these" .
要么保留"v"要么保留"a//"，但得把"th//"音留在"these"中。
With " them" you can drop the " th" ; with " these" you keep the " th" .
of接"them"可以不发"th"；接"these"需要发"th"。
" Some of these" , " so ma these" .
"Some of these"，就发："/s m i:z/"。
Now: " one of the best" , so here, again, we have the " th" .
现在："one of the best，这里，又有"th"这个音。
" One ov the best" , notice if say " of" with a " v" not an " f" .
"One /v/ the best"，注意听，of的f发的是/v/还是/f/。
We never pronounce the " f" or hardly ever pronounce the " f" .
（of中的f）我们从不发/f/音，或几乎不发成/f/。
" One of the best" , " wa na the best" , drop the " f" , drop the " v" and keep the " a" .
"One of the best（最好的），"/w n / best"，省略"f"，省略/v/，并保留"a//"。
" Wa na" , " one of" , " wa na the best" , and keep " the best" .
"/w n/"，"one of"，"/w n / best"，并且发出"best"。
Or if you want to use the " v" , you keep the " wa" , " nov" , make it like blend into the next word.
或者如果你想发"v"，你保持"wa"的发音，然后发"nov"，让它像融入了下一个单词的发音。
The " n" goes into the " o" , an ellipses it's called.
"n"进入"o"，就是一个省略。
" Wa nov the best" .
So you have the option " v" or " a" .
所以你可以选择"v"或"a//"。
Now, this is especially important when you're listening to native English speakers speak at regular speed.
现在，当大家倾听英语母语人士讲话时，这一点尤其重要。
Native speakers don't even think about the " f" , it's automatically dropped.
母语人士甚至不考虑"f/f/"，这个音会被自动丢弃。
Sometimes they'll use the " v" , sometimes they'll just use the " a" .
有时他们会使用"v"音，有时他们会使用"a//"。
Be prepared to listen to both.
做好能够听到两种情况的准备。
Let's look at a few more examples.
我们来看几个例子。
Okay, so now we're going to look at some other situations.
好的，现在我们要看看其他一些情况。
For example, when " of" is followed by an " h" .
例如，当"of"后面跟着一个"h"。
Now, again, for native speakers the " h" is a very weak sound so we. . .
现在，再提一下，对于母语人士来说，"h"是一个很弱的声音，所以我们……
Quite often we just drop it.
我们经常不发这个音。
We just blend it into whatever came before and after.
我们只是将它融入前后的任何音。
So: " Some of whom" , now, if I'm speaking slowly and I'm trying to enunciate every word, I would say: " Some of whom decided that. ." .
所以："Some of whom"，现在，如果我说得慢一点，而且我试图说出每一个音，我会说："其中一些人决定......"
But in normal speed, fast English: " so ma voom" , " so ma voom" .
但在正常速度下，快速英语："so ma voom/m vm/"，"so ma voom/m vm/"。
Right?
懂吗？
The " a" . . .
"a"……
The " v" from the " of" , there's the " o" , there's the " v" : " so ma voom" , it blends together, and the " h" is there but it's very soft and very weak so you don't really even hear it.
"of"的"v"音，有"o//"音，"v"音，"so ma voom/m vm/"，它们融合在一起，"h"在那里，但它非常轻，非常微弱，你甚至听不到它。
" So ma voom" , " so ma voom" .
Like, it's a little bit of an extra step but it's not really there.
就好像，稍微做了一个额外的步骤（把h音消掉了），但/h/音不是真的在那里。
You can almost drop it.
你几乎可以不发它。
" A lot of help" , " a law to vhelp" .
"A lot of help"发成"a law to vhelp"。
Now, here you notice I didn't take it out because it's still there a little bit more.
现在，在这里你注意到，我没有把h拿出来，因为它还有一点点音在。
Sorry.
抱歉。
" A law to vhelp" , so I pronounced the " e" a little bit stronger to make up for the weak " h" .
"A law to vhelp"，所以我发的"e/e/"音更强一点，以弥补了弱"h"的存在。
And. . .
以及……
Sorry, notice also that the " tov" , the " t-o-v" blends into each other and then the " v" goes into the next word because of the " h" .
抱歉，还要注意，"tov"，"t-o-v"混合在一起，然后由于有"h"，"v"和下一个单词发音在一起（vhelp）。
So it's almost like a vowel sound.
所以它（help中he的部分）几乎就像一个元音(/e/)。
" Get rid of him" .
"Get rid of him"。
So somebody's at the door, I don't want to talk to him, just: " Get ri dovim" .
所以有人在门口，我不想和他说话，只是："Get ri dovim"。
Like, with " him" we quite often drop the " h" .
就像单词"him"一样，我们经常不发"h"。
Same as with " them" .
"them"也一样。
" Them" , you drop the " th" .
"them"，不发"th"。
With " him" we drop the " h" .
用"him"我们放下"h"。
So: " Get rid of him" , " ri dovim" .
所以："摆脱他"，"ri dovim"。
It sounds like " dovim" .
听起来像"dovim"。
" Ri dovim" , " get rid of him" .
"Ri dovim"，"get rid of him"。
Now, the reason we're looking at all this is because when you watch movies or you speak to a native speaker, they will speak like this, not like this.
现在，我们看这所有的内容的原因，是因为当你看电影或与母语人士交谈时，他们会这样说，而不是这样。
And you need to understand that all they've done is they've basically taken the " of" , and just, you know, squished it.
而且，大家需要明白，他们之所以这样说，是他们已经基本上习惯了"of"，并且，只是，你知道的，把它"压扁"了。
They've used it as a bridge between words.
他们用of作为单词之间的桥梁。
So be able to recognize that.
所以希望大家能够认识到这一点。
Now, if it's followed by a vowel. . .
现在，如果它后面跟着一个元音……
Okay, my red's almost done, here.
好吧，红色部分几乎完成了，在这里。
Let's go to blue.
让我们去蓝色部分。
Now, followed by a vowel: " a" , " e" , " i" , " o" , " u" , whatever.
现在，后面跟着一个元音的情况："a"，"e"，"i"，"o"，"u"，等等。
" The rest of our day" , " the rest of" , I'm still using the " of" even if I'm speaking slowly, " our day" .
""The rest of our day"，"the rest of"，即使我慢慢地说，"the rest of"，我仍然在使用"of"。
" Res tovar day" .
"Res tovar day"。
Now, the " our" , " ow" , we just squeeze it to " a" now because we're making it quick, everything blends in to each other.
现在，"our"，"ow"，我们现在只是把它挤到"a//"，因为我们快速地，把一切融合在一起。
" Res tovar day" , " res tovar day" .
"Res tovar day"，"res tovar day"。
You can almost think of it like a. . .
你几乎可以把它想成一个……
Like an apostrophe.
就是略音。
There's almost no " o" there even, " tovar" .
那里甚至几乎没有"o"，"tovar"。
" Res tovar day" in natural speed.
以自然速度"Res tovar day"。
" 100 percent of every donation goes to charity" , " percen tovevry" , " tovevry" .
"100 percent of捐赠给慈善机构"，"percen tovevry"，"tovevry"。
There's the " of" , and the " t" from the " percent" blends into the " o" , the " v" blends into the " e" , and then you have, like, it sounds like one word.
有"of"，"percent（百分比）"的"t"混合到"o"中，"v"混合到"e"中，然后你听起来，就像是一个词。
" 100 percen tovevry" , " tovevry" , okay?
"100 pervevvery"，"tovevry"，好吗？
And then we have: " a lot of attention" .
然后我们发："a lot of attention"。
So we have " o" , we have " e" , we have " a" .
所以我们可以发"o//"音，我们可以发"e/e/"音，我们可以发"a//"音。
" A lot of attention" , " a lotava tention" all squeezed together.
"A lot of attention(很多关注）"，"/ltv/ tention"，发音都挤在一起。
And the " ov/v/" -. . .
还有"ov/v/" —— ……
The " of" becomes " av" .
"of/v/"变成"/v/"。
" A lotava tention" , " lotava" , " lotava tention" .
Now, if you have a word that 
ends in " f" before the " of" , that is pretty much the only time you will hear the " f" .
现在，如果"of"之前接了一个以"f"结尾的单词，那么可能是你唯一能听到of里的"f/f/"音的机会。
" Half of the class" .
"Half of/f/ the class"（老师这里口误，下面纠正了）。
Oh, I guess not.
哦，我猜不是的。
You'll hear this " f" , " half of" , " ha fov the class" .
你会听到是half里的这个/f/，但"half of/v/"（念/v/音），"ha /fv / class"（还是念/v/音）。
So maybe you never really hear the " f" .
所以也许你从来没有真正听到过of里的/f/音。
In some situations you will.
在某些情况下，你会听到的。
" Of course" , that's pretty much the only time I can think of that you will hear the " f" in " of" .
"Of course"，这是我能想到的唯一一次，你会听到"of"中的"/f/"音。
" Of course" , okay?
"Of/f/ course"，好吗？
" Half of the class" , " ha fov the" , everything blends together.
"Half of the class(班级的一半）"，"ha /fv /"，一切都融合在一起。
So, again, the whole point of this is to be able to recognize what you're hearing from native speakers when they're speaking quickly.
因此，这一重点就是能够快速识别母语者快速说话所讲述的内容。
If you want to sound more like a native speaker, get used to squeezing that or changing it to a " v" , sometimes just dropping it off completely.
如果你想听起来更像一个母语人士，请习惯于挤压或把它变为一个"v"音，有的时候，不发这个音就好了。
And if you have any questions about this, of course, come to www. engvid. com.
如果您对此有任何疑问，当然可以来engVid官网。
You can ask me any questions.
你可以问我任何问题。
Because this is a pronunciation lesson and you need to hear it more than see it on typed, there's no quiz with this lesson, but please come and ask any questions you have at www. engvid. com.
因为这是一个发音课程，你需要听到它，而不是在打字时看到它，所以本课没有测验，但可以来就engVid进行提问。
If you like this lesson, please subscribe to my channel on YouTube and I'll see you again real soon.
如果你喜欢这节课，请在YouTube上订阅我的频道，我们很快就会再见面的。
Bye-bye.
再见。
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